Conducting surveys and fielding focus groups by a unit commander is known as what type of data collection?

The correct answer is primary data collection. This type of data collection refers to the process of gathering firsthand information directly from the source, which in this case is conducted by the unit commander through surveys and focus groups. Primary data collection is essential because it provides up-to-date and specific insights that reflect the current climate within the unit, allowing for tailored analysis and action based on direct feedback from participants.

In contrast, secondary data collection involves utilizing previously collected data, such as reports or studies from other sources, which may not accurately represent the current context or specific needs of the unit. Tertiary data collection, while less commonly referenced, generally deals with the analysis or summarization of secondary data, suggesting a further step removed from direct gathering of information. Qualitative data collection focuses on understanding experiences, motivations, and opinions through open-ended questions or discussions, which can be a component of primary data collection but does not encompass the overall scope of what is being conducted by the commander in this scenario.